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Introduction
Demographic data generated by a complete and efficient Civil Registration System is of immense use for Successful planning in the area of population control and public health administration. The objectives of civil Registration System are two fold. Registration of birth/death is the first step providing unique identity to a person. Registration is a public service provided by the Government through which the public can obtain birth/death certificate having multifarious user to them in the form of evidence of age, domicile, inheritance etc .Data consolidated from the civil registration system play a vital role in decentralized planning. They are the basic tools, at local level, used by demographers and planners for monitoring population growth and efficiency of health care measures. The registration o f births and deaths is a statutory activity performed under the provisions of Registration of Birth and Death Act 1969 came into force in Kerala on 1st April 1970. Director of Panchayaths is the Chief Registrar of Birth and Deaths in Kerala and is the Chief executive authority for implementing the provisions of the Registration of Birth and Death Act. Chief Registrar will be assisted by a Deputy Chief Registrar. The Additional Director of Economics and Statistics is designated as the Additional Chief Registrar’ of Births and Deaths . A Deputy Chief Registrar, Deputy Director of Economics and Statistics ,assists him . At the District level, the District Panchayaths Officer, secretaries of municipalities and corporations are empowered as the District Registrar of Births and Deaths. The Secretaries of Grama Panchayaths, health inspectors and health officers of Municipalities and Corporations and the executive officer of Kannur Cantonment are the local Registrar of the concerned registration units. This bulletin presents the results of the analysis of vital statistics for the year
2003.
Conceptual and Empirical Frame Work According to Registration of Birth and Death Act, births and deaths are to be registered with in 21 days after the occurrence of
the events at the place of occurrence. The details such as date of event, date of registration, sex and the details of father and mother such as their
age, religion, literacy, occupation, order of birth etc of each event are recorded in the registers at the time of registration. These details are
carried over to the prescribed birth, death and still birth cards and are forwarded to the Deputy Directors of the Districts Offices of Economics and
Statistics Department. After data entry, the CDs are forwarded to Directorate. These are processed and analysed.
Limitations of the data Registration of vital events is not complete due to under registration. Lack of awareness about the need and importance of registration of births and deaths and lack of registration procedure knowledge among the public may be the reasons for the low levels of registration particularly of infant deaths. This may adversely affect the quality of the statistical data. Efforts are being taken to create mass awareness about the importance and necessity of registration. More over it is seen that the vital events in urban area are higher than that in rural area. Shifting of the residents in rural area to urban area for availing the modern medical facilities at the time of occurrence of events may be the reason for the above.
Vital rates
Birth rate
- Birth rate is defined as the number of births per thousand (mid year population)
Death rate
- Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand (mid year population) Infant death rate - Infant death rate is the number of infant death (age below one year)per thousand live births of the concerned year Maternal death rate –Maternal death rate is defined as the number of maternal deaths per thousand live births and still births of the year. Still birth rate —Still birth rate is the number of still births per thousand live births and still births of the year.
Birth and Birth rate
During the year under report ,5.58 lakhs of registered live births comprising of 2.18lakhs rural births and 3.40 lakhs urban births were analysed
. Out of which 51.27% were male births and 48.73% were female births . The number of registered live
births decreased from 5.82 lakhs in 2002 to 5.58 lakhs in 2003 showing a marginal decrease of 4.12%. The birth rate of the state during 2003 was 17.16 as against 18.05 in the previous year. The
district-wise birth and death rates are presented in Table I. The highest birth rate 22.13 was recorded in Malapuram District, which shows a decreasing
trend when compared with those of the previous years. The
lowest rate of 13.16 was recorded in Alleppey District. Birth rates recorded in Thrissur, Malapppuram, Kozhikkode, Wayanad, Kannur, and Kasaragod
districts were greater than that of the state average.
Death and Death rate
During the year 2003 1.94 lakhs death cards were received from the registering units and were analysed.
The death rate f the state was calculated as 5.97. An analysis of the district-wise figures reveals that Pathanamthitta District stands first
with a death rate of 7.67 and Malappuram has the lowest of 4.20. Death rates recorded in Kollam, Malappuraam, Wayanad, Kannur and Kasaragod were below
the state average.
Infant Death Rate Infant death reported during 2003 was 2459 as against 3223 in the previous year. Infant
death rate of the state during the relavent year was 4.40 with a rural-urban breake up of 1.05 and 6.56 respectively.
The highest rate 11.97 was recorded in Thiruvananthapuram district and lowest 1.37 in Kottayam District. Maternal Death Rate
During the reporting year, 133 maternal deaths were reported, of which 54 were from rural areas aand 79 from urban areas. The rates estimated were 0.25 and 0.23 respectively for rural and urban areas and 0.24 for the state as a whole. No maternal deaths were reported from the rural areas of Pathanamthitta, Thrissur, Palaghat and from the urban areas of Kottayam and Wayanad Districts. Still birth
Still births registered during 2003 were 2253 in which 453 were from rural and 1800 from urban areas. The estimated still birth rate of the state for the year under report was 4.02 as against 4.90 of the previous year. District-wise break up reveals that the highest rate 0.57 was recorded in Kottayam District and the lowest 0.09 in Kasaargod District. Conclusion
During
the year under report Malappuram District has the highest birth rate as well as the lowest death rate. On an analysis, it is seen that the estimated
vital rates, such as Birth rate, Still birth rate and Infant death rate show a marginal decrease where as Death rate and Maternal death rate show a marginal increase when compared to those of the previous year, 2002. As in previous years, the vital rates estimated for urban areas are
higher than that for rural areas .The registration is defacto and tendency of utilising the modern medical facilities available in the urban areas by
the rural residents at the time of occurance of events may be the reasons for the urban bias.
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